Stainless hlau hais txog huab cua, chav, dej thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog corrosive media thiab acids, alkalis, ntsev thiab lwm yam tshuaj corrosive media corrosion ntawm hlau, tseem hu ua stainless acid-resistant steel. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau tsis muaj zog corrosive media resistant steel hu ua stainless hlau, thiab tshuaj chemical media resistant steel hu ua acid-resistant steel. Vim hais tias ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob, lub qub tsis tas yuav resistant rau tshuaj lom neeg corrosion, thaum lub tom kawg yog feem ntau stainless. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm stainless hlau nyob ntawm cov alloying ntsiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau.
Feem ntau, raws li lub koom haum metallurgical, cov hlau stainless feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg: austenitic stainless hlau, ferritic stainless hlau, martensitic stainless hlau. Raws li lub koom haum metallurgical yooj yim ntawm peb pawg no, duplex steels, nag lossis daus-hardening stainless hlau thiab high-alloyed steels uas muaj tsawg tshaj li 50% hlau tau muab los rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab lub hom phiaj.
Muab faib los ntawm metallurgical organisation:
01
Austenitic stainless hlau.
Stainless hlau nyob rau hauv uas lub matrix yog dominated los ntawm lub ntsej muag-centred cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm austenitic lub koom haum (CY theem), uas tsis yog-sib nqus, thiab uas muaj zog (thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau ib tug tej yam degree ntawm magnetism) tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm txias. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel sau lawv nrog cov lej ntawm 200 thiab 300 series, xws li 304.
02
Ferritic Stainless hlau.
Lub stainless hlau uas nws matrix yog dominated los ntawm lub cev-centred cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm ferrite lub koom haum ((a-theem)), uas yog sib nqus, thiab uas feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis qhov uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog me ntsis los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. American Iron and Steel Institute rau 430 thiab 446 rau daim ntawv lo.
03
Martensitic stainless hlau.
Lub matrix yog martensitic lub koom haum (lub cev-centred cubic los yog cubic), sib nqus, los ntawm kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem kho nws cov khoom siv ntawm stainless hlau. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel sau lawv nrog cov lej 410, 420 thiab 440. Martensite muaj lub koom haum austenitic ntawm qhov kub siab, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv martensite (ie hardened) thaum txias rau chav tsev kub ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog.
04
Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) hom stainless hlau.
Lub matrix muaj ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferrite ob-theem lub koom haum, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov theem qis matrix feem ntau ntau dua 15%, sib nqus, tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel, 329 yog ib qho duplex stainless hlau. Piv nrog rau austenitic stainless hlau, duplex steel siab zog, tsis kam mus rau intergranular corrosion thiab chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion thiab pitting corrosion yog ho txhim kho.
05
Precipitation hardening stainless hlau.
Stainless hlau uas nws cov matrix yog austenitic los yog martensitic nyob rau hauv lub koom haum thiab uas yuav hardened los ntawm nag lossis daus hardening kev kho mob. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel sau nws nrog 600 series tooj, xws li 630, uas yog 17-4PH.
Feem ntau, ntxiv rau cov alloys, qhov corrosion kuj ntawm austenitic stainless hlau yog superior, nyob rau hauv tsawg corrosive ib puag ncig, koj muaj peev xwm siv ferritic stainless hlau, nyob rau hauv me me corrosive ib puag ncig, yog hais tias cov khoom yuav tsum muaj siab zog los yog siab hardness, koj muaj peev xwm siv cov ferritic stainless hlau. siv martensitic stainless hlau thiab nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau.
Dab tsi ntawm stainless hlau tsis yooj yim rau xeb?
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev xeb ntawm stainless hlau:
1, cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 10.5% steel tsis yooj yim rau xeb. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium thiab nickel corrosion kuj zoo dua, xws li 304 cov khoom siv nickel yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm 8-10%, chromium cov ntsiab lus ntawm 18-20%, xws li stainless hlau feem ntau tsis xeb.
2, cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau.
Smelting tshuab yog zoo, cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, cov nroj tsuag loj stainless hlau ob qho tib si hauv kev tswj cov ntsiab lus alloying, tshem tawm cov impurities, billet txias kub tswj tau guaranteed, yog li cov khoom zoo yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, zoo intrinsic zoo, tsis yooj yim rau xeb. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee cov khoom siv cog ntoo me me rov qab, rov qab siv tshuab, txheej txheem smelting, impurities tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, kev tsim cov khoom yuav inevitably xeb.
3, ib puag ncig sab nraud, kev nyab xeeb yog qhuav thiab zoo ventilated ib puag ncig tsis yooj yim rau xeb.
Cov huab cua noo, huab cua tsis tu ncua, lossis huab cua uas muaj acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm ib puag ncig yog yooj yim rau xeb. 304 stainless hlau, yog tias ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsis zoo heev kuj yog xeb.
Stainless hlau xeb qhov chaw yuav ua li cas nrog?
1, Cov txheej txheem tshuaj
Nrog pickling muab tshuaj txhuam los yog tshuaj tsuag los pab nws rusted qhov chaw kom rov passivate tsim ntawm chromium oxide zaj duab xis kom nws rov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv corrosion, tom qab pickling, thiaj li yuav tshem tawm tag nrho cov pa phem thiab acid residues, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau nqa. tawm ib tug zoo yaug nrog dej. Tom qab txhua yam ua tiav thiab rov ua polished nrog cov khoom siv polishing, nws tuaj yeem raug kaw nrog polishing wax. Rau cov pob zeb me me hauv zos kuj tuaj yeem siv 1: 1 roj av, cov roj sib tov nrog cov ntaub huv huv los so cov pob xeb tuaj yeem ua tau.
2, Mechanical txoj kev
Sandblasting tu, ntxuav nrog iav los yog ceramic particle blasting, obliteration, txhuam thiab polishing. Cov txheej txheem siv tshuab muaj peev xwm los so cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm yav tas los tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv, polishing cov ntaub ntawv los yog obliterated cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua yam kev kis kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntxhua yuav tsum zoo dua yuav raug ntxuav raws li qhov chaw qhuav. Kev siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab tsuas yog ntxuav nws qhov chaw thiab tsis hloov qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom rov txhuam qhov saum npoo nrog cov khoom siv polishing thiab kaw nws nrog polishing siv quav ciab tom qab kho tshuab.
Feem ntau siv stainless hlau qib thiab cov khoom
1, 304 stainless hlau. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov austenitic stainless hlau nrog daim ntawv thov loj thiab siv dav tshaj plaws, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom sib sib zog nqus thiab cov kav dej kua qaub, ntim, cov khoom siv, ntau hom ntsuas lub cev, thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tsis sib nqus, qis- cov khoom siv kub thiab qhov chaw.
2, 304L stainless hlau. Txhawm rau daws Cr23C6 nag lossis daus tshwm sim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau intergranular corrosion thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau, nws lub xeev sensitized ntawm intergranular corrosion kuj zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau. Ntxiv rau qhov qis zog me ntsis, lwm yam khoom siv nrog 321 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant thiab cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem welded kev kho mob, tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau hom kev ntsuas lub cev.
3, 304H stainless hlau. 304 stainless hlau sab hauv ceg, cov pa roj carbon ntau feem hauv 0.04% -0.10%, kev kub siab ua haujlwm zoo dua 304 stainless hlau.
4, 316 stainless hlau. Nyob rau hauv 10Cr18Ni12 steel raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum, kom cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los txo cov xov xwm thiab pitting corrosion kuj. Hauv dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam xov xwm, kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau pitting corrosion resistant cov ntaub ntawv.
5, 316L stainless hlau. Ultra-tsawg carbon steel, nrog zoo tsis kam mus rau sensitized intergranular corrosion kev ua tau zoo, haum rau kev tsim cov tuab ntoo khaub lig-section loj ntawm welded qhov chaw thiab cov khoom, xws li corrosion-resistant cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv petrochemical khoom.
6, 316H stainless hlau. 316 stainless hlau sab hauv ceg, carbon loj feem ntawm 0.04%-0.10%, kev kub siab ua haujlwm zoo dua 316 stainless hlau.
7, 317 stainless hlau. Pitting kuj thiab creep kuj zoo dua 316L stainless hlau, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov petrochemical thiab organic acid corrosion resistant khoom.
8, 321 stainless hlau. Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, ntxiv titanium los txhim kho intergranular corrosion kuj, thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias txhua yam khoom, tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau. Ntxiv rau qhov kub thiab txias lossis hydrogen corrosion kuj thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb, qhov xwm txheej tsis pom zoo.
9, 347 stainless hlau. Niobium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, niobium ntxiv los txhim kho intergranular corrosion kuj, corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv acid, alkali, ntsev thiab lwm yam corrosive media nrog 321 stainless hlau, vuam kev ua tau zoo, yuav siv tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv corrosion-resistant thiab siv tau raws li lub tshav kub-resistant steel, tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv thermal hwj chim, petrochemical teb, xws li zus tau tej cov ntim, pipelines, tshav kub exchangers, shafts, industrial furnaces, furnace tubes thiab furnace thermometers thiab thiaj li nyob.
10, 904L stainless hlau. Super tag nrho austenitic stainless hlau, yog Finland Otokumpu (OUTOKUMPU) tuam txhab tsim ib tug super austenitic stainless hlau, nws cov nickel pawg ntawm 24% mus rau 26%, carbon loj feem ntawm tsawg dua 0.02%, zoo heev corrosion kuj, non-oxidising acids xws li sulfuric, acetic, formic thiab phosphoric acid muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau crevice corrosion thiab tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab corrosion. Nws yog haum rau ntau yam ntawm sulfuric acid hauv qab 70 degree, thiab muaj corrosion kuj zoo rau acetic acid thiab sib tov acid ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid ntawm tej concentration thiab tej kub nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab. Tus qauv qub ASMESB-625 ntaus nqi nws rau nickel-based alloys, thiab tus qauv tshiab muab nws rau stainless hlau. Tuam Tshoj tsuas muaj qib zoo sib xws 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 hlau, ib tug me me ntawm European instrumentation manufacturers ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv nyob rau hauv 904L stainless hlau, xws li E + H loj flowmeter ntsuas raj yog siv 904L stainless hlau, Rolex saib rooj plaub kuj siv nyob rau hauv 904L. stainless hlau.
11, 440C stainless hlau. Martensitic stainless hlau, hardenable stainless hlau, stainless hlau nyob rau hauv siab tshaj plaws hardness, hardness HRC5
